Toots Hibbert, a Father of Reggae, Is Dead (Published 2020) – The New York Times

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Toots Hibbert: The Soulful Architect of Reggae’s Global Rise

Toots Hibbert didn’t just play reggae—he defined it. As the “Father of Reggae,” his voice carried the weight of Jamaican culture, a powerful mix of joy, struggle, and resilience that resonated far beyond the shores of his island home. From ska to rocksteady to reggae, Hibbert’s genius was his ability to blend these genres into something timeless and uniquely his own.

The Birth of Reggae’s Voice

Frederick “Toots” Hibbert grew up in the rural town of May Pen, Jamaica. Raised in the church, his earliest musical influences came from gospel, and that soulful foundation remained the backbone of his sound. When he formed the Maytals in the early 1960s, Jamaica’s music scene was evolving rapidly. Ska and rocksteady were the dominant styles, and Hibbert wasted no time making his mark.

The Maytals quickly rose to prominence, their raw energy and Hibbert’s magnetic voice setting them apart. It was Hibbert himself who coined the term “reggae,” first using it in the 1968 hit “Do the Reggay.” This seemingly simple phrase encapsulated a genre destined to change the world.

Defining Hits and Global Influence

Toots and the Maytals released a cascade of iconic tracks that became cornerstones of reggae music. Songs like “Pressure Drop” captured the social undercurrents of Jamaica with infectious rhythms and a defiant spirit. “54-46 That’s My Number” told Hibbert’s personal story of wrongful imprisonment, blending raw emotion with irrepressible groove. Then there was “Funky Kingston,” a perfect fusion of soul, funk, and reggae that transcended borders and genres.

But Toots wasn’t content with just being a national treasure. He had bigger plans for reggae. Touring extensively, he and the Maytals introduced reggae to audiences across Europe, North America, and beyond, performing alongside rock legends and collaborating with artists like Eric Clapton and Willie Nelson. His music became a bridge, connecting cultures and bringing the Jamaican experience to a global stage.

A Legacy Rooted in Soul and Spirit

Hibbert’s impact on reggae is immeasurable. His voice, often compared to Otis Redding or Sam Cooke, carried a raw power that could move hearts and stir revolution. Beyond his sound, his lyrics offered a window into the soul of Jamaica—its joys, its struggles, and its indomitable spirit. Whether he was singing about love, spirituality, or injustice, Toots had a way of making every word count.

His influence wasn’t just musical. Hibbert embodied the ethos of reggae: unity, resistance, and resilience. His humility and deep connection to his roots made him not just a performer but a cultural ambassador.

Even in his later years, Hibbert’s work remained relevant. In 2020, he released the critically acclaimed album Got to Be Tough, a testament to his enduring talent and uncompromising vision. Just months later, the world lost him, but his voice and legacy continue to inspire new generations.

Why Toots Hibbert Matters Today

Toots Hibbert’s story is more than a musical journey; it’s a narrative of cultural innovation, perseverance, and global impact. His ability to meld genres, inspire movements, and bring people together through music reminds us of reggae’s transformative power. In a world divided by borders and ideologies, Hibbert’s music is a unifying force—a reminder of our shared humanity.

As reggae continues to influence modern music—from hip-hop to electronic dance—Toots Hibbert’s contributions remain foundational. Whether you’re a lifelong fan or a newcomer, his songs resonate as deeply today as when they first hit the airwaves. His legacy isn’t just a chapter in the history of reggae; it’s the backbone of the genre.


 

Gnostic




Reggae Officially Recognized as a Global Cultural Treasure

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Reggae music, the heartbeat of Jamaica, has transcended borders to become a global symbol of resilience, unity, and social change. UNESCO’s recent designation of reggae as an “Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity” cements its place not only in the history books but also in the hearts of millions worldwide. This declaration celebrates reggae’s profound impact on cultural diversity, its unyielding advocacy for justice, and its timeless ability to bring people together.

The Universal Appeal of Reggae

Born in the streets of Kingston during the 1960s, reggae grew from its roots in ska and rocksteady to become a voice for the oppressed. The genre, shaped by icons like Bob Marley, Peter Tosh, and Burning Spear, became a powerful medium for addressing issues such as inequality, colonialism, and human rights abuses. Through its soulful rhythms, poignant lyrics, and universal themes of peace and love, reggae transcended its origins to resonate with people from every walk of life.

Reggae’s unique ability to unify stems from its spiritual foundation, heavily influenced by Rastafarianism. Its messages of “One Love” and collective consciousness echo across continents, bridging cultural divides and inspiring countless movements. Whether it’s a street festival in Brazil, a concert in Japan, or a freedom march in South Africa, reggae’s uplifting energy continues to ignite hope and solidarity.

UNESCO’s Declaration: A Global Affirmation

In 2018, UNESCO recognized reggae as an invaluable part of global cultural heritage. This acknowledgment underscores reggae’s profound contribution to music, culture, and activism. According to UNESCO, reggae represents “an intangible cultural heritage that has contributed to international discourse on issues of injustice, resistance, love, and humanity.”

The declaration goes beyond mere celebration; it calls for the preservation of reggae for future generations. It acknowledges the genre’s influence not just as a form of entertainment, but as a cultural and political force that has shaped societal values and inspired global movements.

Preserving a Legacy

This historic recognition also comes with a responsibility. Reggae is more than just music—it’s a cultural treasure that reflects the history, struggles, and triumphs of its people. UNESCO’s designation is a call to action for the preservation of this art form, ensuring it continues to thrive in an ever-changing world.

Jamaica has already taken steps to nurture its musical heritage, with initiatives such as the Jamaica Music Museum and educational programs aimed at teaching the younger generation about the roots and significance of reggae. Additionally, global festivals like Reggae Sumfest and Rototom Sunsplash play a crucial role in keeping the spirit of reggae alive.

Reggae’s Influence Across Genres and Generations

The influence of reggae extends far beyond its original boundaries. Artists in genres like hip-hop, punk, and EDM often cite reggae as a major inspiration. From The Clash’s reggae-infused punk anthems to Drake’s dancehall-inspired hits, the genre has shaped the evolution of modern music.

Moreover, reggae’s impact is evident in movements for social justice and cultural identity. In countries like Brazil and the United States, reggae has provided marginalized communities with a platform to voice their struggles and celebrate their heritage.

A Cultural Treasure for Generations to Come

UNESCO’s recognition of reggae as a global cultural treasure solidifies its role as a timeless force for good. Reggae’s essence lies in its authenticity, its ability to speak truth to power, and its commitment to spreading messages of hope, unity, and resistance.

As the world continues to grapple with challenges like inequality, conflict, and climate change, reggae’s message remains as relevant as ever. This designation is not just an accolade for the past—it’s a promise for the future.

By celebrating and preserving reggae, we ensure that its rhythms will continue to inspire, its lyrics will continue to challenge, and its spirit will continue to unite people across generations and geographies.

 

Gnostic




Desmond Dekker: The Prophet of Reggae and the Soul of a Movement

Profile: Desmond Dekker (1941–2006) was not just a reggae pioneer; he was a cultural trailblazer who shaped the global perception of Jamaican music. His distinctive voice, socially charged lyrics, and timeless melodies laid the foundation for reggae’s global ascent. Through his work with Trojan Records, he helped define an era and became a key figure in the rise of “skinhead reggae,” which bridged the divide between Caribbean immigrants and working-class British youth in the late 1960s.


Biography:

Born Desmond Adolphus Dacres in Kingston, Jamaica, in 1941, Dekker’s upbringing in a working-class environment instilled in him a deep empathy for the struggles of ordinary people. Before he became a household name, Dekker worked as a welder, harmonizing with coworkers and dreaming of musical stardom. It wasn’t long before his talent caught the attention of Leslie Kong at Beverley’s Records, one of Jamaica’s premier producers. This partnership would become legendary, spawning a career that spanned ska, rocksteady, and early reggae.

Dekker’s breakout moment came with “Honour Your Father and Mother” in 1963, a ska anthem reflecting Jamaica’s deep respect for family and tradition. However, it was with the evolution of rocksteady that Dekker truly found his voice. Songs like “007 (Shanty Town)” captured the socio-political tensions of Jamaica—poverty, crime, and youthful rebellion—all set to irresistibly syncopated rhythms.


Dekker and Trojan Records:

In the late 1960s, Desmond Dekker became one of the first Jamaican artists to work extensively with Trojan Records, the London-based label that introduced reggae and ska to an international audience. Trojan Records not only distributed his music to the UK but also helped cement his position as a global ambassador of Jamaican culture.

His 1968 hit “Israelites” was a landmark moment, becoming the first Jamaican song to top the UK charts and crack the U.S. Top Ten. Trojan Records ensured this song—and many others—reached a global audience, showcasing the raw authenticity of Jamaican life through Dekker’s deeply resonant lyrics. Dekker’s collaboration with Trojan paved the way for other Jamaican artists, such as Bob Marley, Toots & The Maytals, and Jimmy Cliff, to gain recognition in the UK and beyond.


Skinhead Reggae and Traditional Skinheads:

Dekker’s influence extended beyond music into the cultural fabric of late 1960s Britain. His work with Trojan Records coincided with the rise of the skinhead movement, a subculture rooted in the working-class communities of the UK. Unlike the later far-right affiliations of the skinhead image, the original “traditional skinheads” celebrated multiculturalism, particularly the vibrant contributions of Jamaican immigrants to British music and culture.

Dekker’s music, alongside other Trojan artists, became the backbone of what was dubbed “skinhead reggae.” Tracks like “007 (Shanty Town)” and “Israelites” resonated deeply with skinheads, who identified with the themes of resilience, rebellion, and working-class pride. Dekker’s lyrics, which spoke of survival against all odds, mirrored the struggles of disenfranchised youth, while his infectious rhythms fueled the dance halls where Jamaican and British cultures merged.

For the traditional skinhead movement, Dekker was more than a musician; he was a symbol of unity. His music helped bridge racial divides at a time when tensions were high, offering a shared soundtrack for a generation of youths seeking identity and belonging.


Strengths:

  • Trailblazing Global Success: Dekker’s partnership with Trojan Records brought reggae into the mainstream, proving the genre’s universal appeal.
  • Cultural Unity: His music fostered connections between Caribbean immigrants and British working-class youth, showing the power of music to transcend cultural barriers.
  • Social Commentary: Dekker’s lyrics chronicled the realities of poverty, injustice, and perseverance, resonating with listeners across the globe.

Challenges:

  • Overshadowed Legacy: Despite his monumental contributions, Dekker’s role as a pioneer was sometimes eclipsed by later reggae icons like Bob Marley.
  • Industry Hardships: Like many of his peers, Dekker faced financial struggles despite his global success, a reflection of the exploitative nature of the music industry at the time.

A Witty and Insightful Take on Dekker’s Life:

Desmond Dekker wasn’t just the king of ska or a reggae pioneer; he was a cultural diplomat, a working-class poet, and a dancehall shaman. Through Trojan Records, he carried the soul of Jamaica across the Atlantic and beyond, armed with a sharp tenor and lyrics that could make you weep, think, and groove all at once. If reggae were a religion, Dekker was one of its earliest prophets, delivering sermons to a congregation of factory workers, skinheads, and dreadlocks alike.

His music was a mirror to the human condition, reflecting not just the Jamaican struggle but the universal themes of hardship, resilience, and hope. And while Bob Marley became reggae’s philosopher-king, Dekker was its working-class hero, reminding everyone that even the most downtrodden could rise with rhythm and resolve.


Legacy:

Desmond Dekker’s impact on music and culture is undeniable. As the father of skinhead reggae and a Trojan Records legend, he left behind a legacy of unity and defiance. His songs still inspire, reminding us that music has the power to turn hardship into celebration and strangers into comrades.

As he might say, “A little reggae, and you find strength to carry on.”




The Life and Times of Bob Marley – Rolling Stone

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From his humble beginnings in Jamaica to his rise to international stardom, Marley’s life is a testament to the power of music and the importance of spreading messages of love, unity, and peace.

Born on February 6, 1945, in Nine Mile, Jamaica, Robert Nesta Marley grew up in poverty and faced many challenges in his early life. Despite these obstacles, he found solace in music and began singing and playing the guitar at a young age. In the late 1960s, Marley formed the band The Wailers with friends Peter Tosh and Bunny Wailer, and they quickly became one of the most popular reggae bands in Jamaica.

Marley’s music was deeply rooted in the Rastafarian faith, and his lyrics often touched on themes of social justice, equality, and spirituality. Songs like “Get Up, Stand Up,” “One Love,” and “Redemption Song” became anthems for the oppressed and marginalized, and Marley’s message of love and unity resonated with people around the world.

In 1976, Marley was the target of an assassination attempt just days before a free concert in Jamaica. Despite the attack, he performed at the concert as scheduled, sending a powerful message of courage and resilience. The incident only strengthened Marley’s resolve to spread his message of peace and unity, and he continued to tour and record music until his untimely death from cancer in 1981.

Today, Bob Marley’s music and legacy live on through his children and grandchildren, who continue to carry the torch of his message of love and unity. His influence can be seen in musicians of all genres and backgrounds, and his music continues to inspire people of all walks of life. Bob Marley may be gone, but his spirit lives on through his timeless music and powerful message of love and unity.
Gnostic




The Trojan Rocksteady Collection: A Song-by-Song Journey Through the Golden Era of Rocksteady

Released in 2009 by the legendary Trojan Records, The Trojan Rocksteady Collection is an anthology of 40 tracks that beautifully encapsulates the smooth rhythms, heartfelt lyrics, and soulful energy of the rocksteady era. This pivotal Jamaican genre emerged in the mid-1960s, bridging the transition from ska to reggae. Each song in this collection is a testament to the artistry of the time, showcasing legends like Alton Ellis, Desmond Dekker, and The Paragons. Below is a comprehensive breakdown of each track, offering insight into the music, its creators, and its significance.


The Legacy of Trojan Records

Founded in London in 1968, Trojan Records became a key player in introducing Jamaican music to the global stage. Named after Duke Reid’s Trojan sound system truck, the label played a crucial role in bridging the cultural gap between Jamaica and the burgeoning Caribbean immigrant population in the UK. By distributing the works of iconic Jamaican producers like Reid, Coxsone Dodd, and Prince Buster, Trojan Records helped popularize ska, rocksteady, and reggae music.

Throughout the 1970s, Trojan Records released a plethora of hits that resonated far beyond Jamaica’s shores, including Desmond Dekker’s “Israelites” and The Maytals’ “Monkey Man.” The label’s Tighten Up compilation series brought Jamaican music into the homes of diverse audiences, cementing Trojan’s place in music history. After a brief decline in the late 1970s, the 1990s saw Trojan experience a resurgence, reissuing classic tracks and compilations like The Trojan Rocksteady Collection, ensuring the preservation of these timeless gems.


Track-by-Track Breakdown

1. Alton Ellis – “Rock Steady”

The genre-defining track by Alton Ellis, often called the “Godfather of Rocksteady,” captures the smooth, laid-back rhythm that characterizes rocksteady. Ellis’s velvety voice and soulful delivery make this an essential anthem.

2. Desmond Dekker & The Aces – “Beautiful & Dangerous”

Desmond Dekker tells a cautionary tale of love and its risks in this upbeat track. The Aces’ harmonious backing vocals perfectly complement Dekker’s expressive performance.

3. The Paragons – “On The Beach”

Led by the legendary John Holt, this breezy tune transports listeners to Jamaica’s sunny beaches. Its carefree melody and soothing vocals make it a rocksteady classic.

4. The Melodians – “Little Nut Tree”

With sweet harmonies and playful lyrics, The Melodians create a charming narrative about love and devotion. The simplicity of the arrangement highlights the vocal interplay.

5. The Versatiles – “Teardrops Falling”

A melancholy tune about heartbreak, this track captures the bittersweet essence of rocksteady through its haunting melody and heartfelt lyrics.

6. Derrick Harriott – “The Loser”

A deeply emotional ballad, Harriott’s vocal performance shines as he sings about love lost, a recurring theme in rocksteady.

7. The Federals – “Shocking Love”

This lively tune is an ode to the electrifying power of love. Its catchy beat and vibrant energy make it an instant favorite.

8. The Maytals – “Just Tell Me”

Toots Hibbert’s energetic and soulful vocals bring this track to life, blending the spirit of ska with the slower rhythms of rocksteady.

9. The Ethiopians – “Come On Now”

Known for their socially conscious music, The Ethiopians lighten the mood here with a romantic tune, showcasing their versatility.

10. Pat Kelly – “Somebody’s Baby”

Pat Kelly’s silky falsetto takes center stage in this tender love song, a standout track in the genre’s romantic repertoire.

11. Ike Bennett & The Crystalites – “Illya Kuryakin”

An instrumental tribute to a fictional TV spy, this track showcases inventive arrangements and dynamic musicianship.

12. The Natives – “You You”

This playful tune is lighthearted and fun, featuring cheerful lyrics and a bouncy rhythm.

13. The Gaylads – “It’s Hard to Confess”

A song about unspoken emotions, the Gaylads deliver a soulful and introspective performance that resonates deeply.

14. Derrick Harriott – “Do I Worry?”

Another hit from Harriott, this introspective track reflects on insecurities in love with a heartfelt delivery.

15. Derrick Morgan – “Conquering Ruler”

An anthem of triumph and resilience, Morgan’s commanding voice and confident lyrics make this a powerful standout.

16. The Uniques – “My Conversation (Stereo)”

With its smooth groove and philosophical lyrics, this track is a meditative classic that exemplifies the laid-back nature of rocksteady.

17. Lynn Taitt & The Jets – “To Sir With Love”

This instrumental cover of a famous ballad demonstrates Lynn Taitt’s exceptional guitar skills and emotional depth.

18. Errol Dunkley – “You’re Gonna Need Me”

Dunkley’s soulful vocals deliver a poignant message about the value of love and relationships.

19. Desmond Dekker & The Aces – “Mother’s Young Gal”

This playful tune showcases Dekker’s storytelling prowess, set against a bright and lively beat.

20. The Melodians – “Swing & Dine”

A heartfelt anthem of gratitude, this track’s harmonious vocals and reflective lyrics make it timeless.

21. Derrick Harriott – “Walk the Streets (You Might as Well Forget Him)”

A tale of heartbreak, Harriott’s smooth voice delivers this bittersweet narrative with grace.

22. Alton Ellis – “All My Tears (Come Rolling)”

Ellis’s soulful lament about unrequited love is a poignant highlight of the collection.

23. The Gaylads – “ABC Rock Steady”

A catchy and upbeat tune, this track combines playful lyrics with an infectious groove.

24. Lester Sterling – “Super Special”

An instrumental piece that showcases Sterling’s saxophone mastery and joyful energy.

25. Johnny & The Attractions – “Young Wings Can Fly”

A hopeful and uplifting song that captures the optimism and innocence of youth.

26. The Versatiles – “Trust the Book”

This gospel-infused track delivers a powerful message of faith and perseverance.

27. Ken Boothe – “Can’t See You (Edit)”

Boothe’s velvety voice and heartfelt delivery make this ballad of longing unforgettable.

28. Derrick Harriott – “Born to Love You”

A tender declaration of love, Harriott’s warm vocals make this track a standout.

29. The Uniques – “People Rocksteady”

A celebratory anthem paying homage to the genre, this track is uplifting and inspiring.

30. Delroy Wilson – “Once Upon a Time”

Wilson’s reflective ballad pairs soulful lyrics with a smooth melody.

31. The Jamaicans – “Ba Ba Boom”

An iconic celebration song, this track epitomizes the joyous spirit of rocksteady.

32. The Natives – “Live It Up”

A vibrant and energetic tune encouraging listeners to embrace life’s joys.

33. Derrick Harriott – “Solomon”

Harriott’s vocals narrate a tale of wisdom and love, set against a rich melody.

34. The Ethiopians – “Engine 54”

This signature track uses a “train engine” rhythm to reflect working-class resilience.

35. Derrick Morgan – “I Want to Go Home”

A nostalgic ballad of longing for home, Morgan’s emotional delivery is captivating.

36. The Melodians – “I Will Get Along Without You”

A song of independence, this track’s harmonies and lyrics are empowering.

37. Justin Hinds & The Dominoes – “Save a Bread”

A socially conscious anthem encouraging unity and resourcefulness.

38. The Versatiles – “The Time Has Come”

A stirring call for change and hope, this track is dynamic and heartfelt.

39. Tommy McCook – “The Shadow of Your Smile”

A jazzy instrumental that highlights McCook’s saxophone skills and sophistication.

40. The Gaylads – “Over the Rainbow’s End”

A hopeful, uplifting conclusion, leaving listeners with a sense of fulfillment.

Listen here: https://www.discogs.com/release/1123731-Various-Trojan-Rocksteady-Box-Set?srsltid=AfmBOopXd0x3cZQnQ9fnu_BONv2W0krfWnNchXD0QR8K0tWn9uaRzaJw


Conclusion

The Trojan Rocksteady Collection is an essential compilation, preserving the beauty and depth of a genre that continues to influence music worldwide. With each track, the album captures the magic of the rocksteady era, offering a timeless listening experience that both honors the past and inspires the future.